The Evolution Of The Automobile |
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There has always been dispute as to who was the inventor of the automobile, and it depends on whether you are talking about steam-powered or gasoline-powered engines. Gottlieb Damier and Karl Benz can take credit for the automobile as we know it today However, in 1769 Nicolas Cugnot drew the plans for a steam-operated military tractor which was built in Paris by his mechanic named Brezin. The next year he hit a wall and was the first motor accident victim. His financial backing dried up, and he was not able to pursue his interest further. Prior to that, in 1680 Christian Huygens of the Netherlands designed a gunpower fueled internal combustion engine. That was not heard of again.
Onesiphore Pecqueur of France developed Cugnot's vehicle in later years, and in 1789 Oliver Evans received the first patent in the United States for a steam-powered vehicle. In 1792 he applied for another patent and called this vehicle "oruktpr amphibolos". In Britain, Richard Revithick built a steam powered carriage and beginning in 1820 stagecoaches powered by steam were used there for twenty years until they were banned ,
In 1876 there was an important milestone in automotive history when Nicolaus Otto invented a motor fueled by gas, a four stroke internal combustion engine, and turned it into a motorcycle. In 1878 Amedee Bollee of France developed a steam powered carriage. Another Bolee, this time Leon, invented a motorized tricycle in 1895. The very first 'cars' did not resemble cars as we know them, but were designed from other forms of transportation, such as types resembling tricycles, motorcycles, wagons, and carriages.
In the late 1800's Siegfried Marcus invented a gas powered wagon, and also in 1885 Germany's Karl Benz's motorized tricycle was born. It is said that the Duryea was the first car in America in 1893, and it was called a "motor wagon.". Benz went on to receive a patent in 1886 for a car with 4 wheels, and started an automotive firm called Benz and Cle. By 1900 the company was the largest manufacturer of cars in the world. Gottlieb Daimier also started an automotive company in 1890 to manufacture his creations, one of which was a four wheeled vehicle built from scratch, and not adapted from some other mode of transportation. It had a four speed engine and went 10 miles an hour. In 1896 Henry Ford's first car saw the light of day. In 1901 Daimier and Wilhelm Mayback invented the Mercedes.
The Stanley Steamer, which is depicted in the Stanley Museum in Kingfield, Maine, was invented in Watertown, Mass. by twins F.E. and F.O. Stanley in the 1890's. During the years that followed, many inventors from all over the world invented various forms of steam and gas-powered vehicles, with each year seeing more cars than the last. By 2002, worldwide, there was one car for every 11 people.
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